高一英语Food for thought教案1

Problems for reference
a. I have got a lot of homework to do today.
b. My hair is turning white.
c. I am growing fat these days.
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说明：
本部分内容在处理的时候，要注意对比和操练的方法。情态动词need的双重性，引入其它情态动词的基本用法，使学生对高中阶段的情态动词有基本的了解。并通过大量的操练来巩固和加深。宾语从句的操练也是如此，还可以用句型转换的形式让学生在对比中加深印象。尤其注意从句的陈述句语序。教材中的宾语从句练习比较枯燥，可以选做。补充练习可以弥补牛津教材练习量不足的弱点，将教材为我所用，加以改造，在课堂教学中及时有效地检测学生的语言运用能力。
情态动词概说
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能。基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：

Need 和 dare的用法
1. need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：
You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如：
You needn't have waited for me.
2. Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：
How dare you say I'm unfair.
He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Don't you dare (to) touch it!
I wondered he dare (to) say that.
He needs to finish it this evening.
Have to和must的用法
1. 表示必须、必要。如：
You must come in time.
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
   This must be your pen.
3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
He must have been to Shanghai.
4. have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
② must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如：
You mustn't go. 你可不要去。
You don't have to go. 你不必去。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：
Must I clean all the room?
（二）语法练习
I. Choices
1. You _______ angry with her, for she is very young.
A. need not to be    B. don’t need to
C. need not be     D. need not
2. You look pale.  You _______ ill.
A. can be   B. must be  C. should be  D. has to be
3. You _________ read that book if you don’t want to.
A haven’t   B. can’t  C. mustn’t  D. needn’t
4. I want to go to the doctor, but you ________with me.
A. need not to go    B. do not need go
C. need not go     D. need go not
5. You ________ yourself about money.
A. need not worry    B. have worry
C. are not being worried   D. need not be worried
6. There was plenty of time.  She ___________.
A. mustn’t have hurried   B. couldn’t have hurried
C. mustn’t hurry    D. needn’t have hurried
7. To learn to swim well, _________.
A. much practice is needed by one  B . one is needed much practice
C. much practice is needed   D. one needs much practice
8. “You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?”
  “No, officer, I _________.  This car can’t do more than 80.”
A. didn’t’ need to be   B. may not have been
C. couldn’t have been   D. needn’t have been
9. He asked us ___________.
A. what the matter was    B. what was the matter

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