[10-20 18:10:12] 来源：http://www.67xuexi.com 高二英语 阅读：85595次
▲make up亦有"做成""铺好"之意。如：① Then they made them up into tablets.然后他们把它们制成了药。② They made up their beds immediately after getting up.他们一起身就把床铺好。
14. Because water is polar，it can break down or dissolve both solids and gases. 因为水是带正电的，所以它能分解固体和气体。(p.19 Chemical Structure 第6行)
▲break down是个常用词组，我们在高二上册同步讲解中已作过解释，但此处break down作"分解"解。如： ① Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体里的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。② The figures on living expenses must be broken down into food, shelter, education, medical bills and so on. 生活消费的数字必须细分为食物类、住房类、教育类、医疗费类等等。③ After many years, rocks broke down into dirt. 岩石经年累月之后分化成尘土。
▲break down还有很多解释，常见的有"(身体)垮了""(计划)失败" "(精神)支持不住了"。如：① His health broke down because he had strained himself too much in his work. 他因工作劳累过度而把身体搞垮了。② Marc broke down tearfully when she was told the death of her husband.玛丽听到他丈夫的死时痛哭流涕。③ Their plan has broken down.他们的计划失败了。
▲break down可作"(机器等)坏了"解。如：① Then the car I was in broke down. 那时我乘坐的汽车坏了。②When the pumps broke down, they would repair them for us. 水泵坏了，他们就帮我们修。③ The washing machine seems to have broken down again. 洗衣机好像又坏了。
▲break down有"中断"之意。如：① He broke down in the middle of his speech. 他讲到一半儿停了下来。② Telephone communication with other cities has broken down. 和其他城市的电话联系中断了。③ That is how the talks broke down. 谈判就是那样中断的。
▲break down还"打破""摧毁""制服"之意。如：① Firemen had m break down the wall to save the child. 为了救孩子，消防队员不得不把墙推倒。② We have broken down the resistance of the enemy. 我们已经打垮了敌人的顽抗。③The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察试图压制囚犯的反抗。
15. Density is the relationship between mass and volume and is measured in kilogrammes per cubic metre. 密度是指质量和容量的相关程度。它的测量单位是每立方米的公斤数。(p.20 Density 第1行) ▲ measure的用法:
(1) 有......之大小 This room measures 6 metres by 4. 这个房间有6米长4米宽。
(2) 测量 (长度、大小、重量等) The tailor measured me for a suit. 裁缝给我量尺寸做好西装。
(3) 措施；办法 ①They took strong measures against reckless drivers.他们对于鲁莽的驾驶员采取强硬的手段。②If a substance has a higher density, say 5000 kg／m3, it will not float on water. 如果一种物质的密度比水的大，比如5000 kg／m3，那它就不能浮在水上。
16. Marine animals and plants take advantage of the density of water. 海洋动物和植物利用了水的密度的特性。(p.20 Density 第4行)
▲take advantage of意为"利用""占便宜"。如：① They often took advantage of his lack of experience.他们常常利用他缺乏经验这个弱点。② He took advantage of his friend's kindness.他利用了他朋友的好心肠。③ He didn't want to take unfair advantage. 他不愿意占人便宜。④Jane took advantage of the lunch hour to finish her homework.珍利用午饭时问完成家庭作业。⑤ We took advantage of the fine weather to air quilts. 我们趁好天气晾晒被褥。⑥ They took full advantage of the school's facilities.他们充分利用学校的设施。
【注】take advantage of sb. 意为"欺骗(捉弄)某人...""利用某人(的弱点)"。如：① He's taking advantage 0f her good nature.他在利用她秉性善良的弱点。② She took advantage of him even after they were divorced. 即使在离婚后，她还在欺骗他。
【注】take advantage of意为"利用"，而have the advantage of则意为"胜过......" "对......具有优势..." "具有......的优点"。试看下列例句：① He has the advantage of me in experience. 他在经验方面胜过我。② Cereals have the advantage of being rich in iron. 麦片粥具有富含铁质的优点。
【注】表示"利用(机会)"或"利用(时间)"还可以用take the opportunity，take，(one's) time。如：① He likes to take his time over breakfast.他喜欢不紧不慢地吃早饭。②Some of the soldiers took the opportunity the next day to go ashore.第二天有些士兵利用这机会上岸去了。
17. Most animals and plants are sensitive to large or sudden changes in temperature,... 大多数的动物或植物对温度大的或突然的改变非常敏感，...(p.20 Heat Capacity 第3行)
▲be sensitive to意为"对......敏感"。如：① The eye is sensitive to light. 眼睛对光敏感。② Photographic paper is highly sensitive to light. 照相纸对光十分敏感。③ An artist is sensitive to beauty. 艺术家对美是敏锐的。
▲sensitive有"神经质的""神经过敏的"意思。如：① You really must stop being so sensitive about your accent.你实在不必为自己的口音感到烦燥不安。② Don't mention she's put on weight-she's very sensitive about it. 不要说她胖了-她对此非常敏感。
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