高二英语下知识点总复习教案

　　辨析: allow与allow for

　　▲ allow意为"允许""准许"。如：① Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许抽烟。② The government servants aren't allowed to accept rewards.公务员不得接受酬谢。③ The children ale too young to be allowed out at night. 孩子们太小，夜间不能让他们出去。

　　▲ allow for意思是"估计到""把......考虑在内"。如：① When he made the plan, he failed to allow for the unexpected.他作计划时没有把意外情况考虑进去。② He missed the target because the wind hadn't been allowed for. 因为没有考虑到风的影响，他没有击中目标。③ You can't make it in an hour, you must allow for traffic delays.你一个小时到不了，你必须考虑到在路上会遇到耽搁。④ We must allow for his lack of experience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验这一点。⑤ Allowing for exceptions, the rule may stand. 在允许有例外的情况下，这条规则还是可以成立的。)

　　14. If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck. 如果我们只找正确答案，拒绝那些不能给我们完整答案的想法，那么我们就可能被框住。(p. 59 Reading 第二段第四行) ▲ reject

　　(1) vt. 拒绝；抵制；指不肯承认，采用、相信或服从，不肯接受。They had rejected our request contemptuously. 他们轻蔑地拒绝了我们的请求。Several publishers rejected the manuscript. 几家出版商都拒绝了这份手稿。

　　(2) vt. 抛弃；丢掉；剔除 Under the guidance of the Party he has rejected the idealist view of history in favour of the materialist. 在党的教导下，他已经抛弃唯心主义历史观，接受了唯物主义历史观。

　　辨析：refuse与reject：两者都有"拒绝"之意。

　　refuse不仅可用来拒绝别人的请求和要求，而且还可用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助；其后能跟不定式；

　　reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。He refused the invitation from John. 他拒绝了约翰的邀请。He refused to believe what I said. 他拒绝相信我说的话。

　　▲ provide

　　(1) vt.提供；装备The government provided them with money and clothes. 政府向他们提供金钱和衣服。The country provides free medical service to college students. 国家为大学生提供了公费医疗。You must provide yourselves. 你们必须自备必需品。

　　(2) vi. provide for 提供生计；作准备 provide against预防 Who provides for her? 谁为她提供生活费? He provided for the entertainment of his guests. 他为招待客人作好了准备。They had to provide against a shortage of water. 他们不得不作好缺水的准备。They provided against the attack. 他们做好准备以防受攻击。

　　辨析：afford，provide与supply: 三个词都有"提供""供给"之意。但在用法上有区别：

　　afford 作"向某人提供某物"解时，它的句型是afford sb. sth. (sth.常为抽象名词) Travel affords us pleasure. 旅游会给我们带来快乐。He afforded me an opportunity. 他给我提供了一次机会。

　　provide与supply用法相似，可以换用，某句型为：provide (supply) sb. with sth.; provide (supply) sth. to (for) sb.; The sun provides (supplies) light and heat for us. = The sun provides (supplies)us with light and heat. 太阳为我们提供光和热。

　　▲ stuck

　　get stuck意思是"被困住""被卡住""处于困境"，此处get是连系动词，也可以用be等其他的连系动词。如：① The bus was stuck in the mud.公共汽车陷在泥里了。② The shuttle often got stuck, causing a lot of broken ends.梭子常常卡住，造成大量断头。③ What shall we do? We seem to be stuck.怎么办?我们似乎干不下去了。④ Have you got stuck over your maths problems? 你的数学题做不下去了吗? ⑤ I'm stuck now, there is no more material for the work. 我无法进行下去了，这工作缺少资料。⑥ I Was stuck there for a week by the bad weather.由于天气不好，我在那里待了一个星期。

　　15. Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possi- bilities. 创造性思维是一种有意识的努力，即为了探索新的可能性而摆脱旧的思维模式。 (p.59第二段倒数第一行)

　　▲ effort作"努力"解释时，后常跟不定式，如本句即是，请看下列例句。① His effort to reform her at last succeeded.他要改造她的努力终于成功了。② Despite all my efforts to improve his life-style, he's still smoking twenty cigarettes a day. 尽管我尽力改变他的生活方式，但他还是一天吸二十支香烟。③ He's jogging round the park every morning in an effort to get fit for the football season. 他为了锻炼身体迎接足球赛季的到来，每天早晨都绕着公园慢跑。

　　【注】effort可作"艰难的事"解释，为可数名词。如：It's such an effort to get up on these dark winter mornings.冬季早晨到处黑沉沉的，起床真艰难呀!

　　▲ break away from 意为"脱离""摆脱""断绝来往"。如：① Fortunately he broke away from that lawless group years ago.幸好几年前他就脱离了那个不法集团。② The criminal tried to break away from the policeman.罪犯试图从警察手里逃跑。③ Smith has broken away from the Labour Party. 史密斯已脱离工党。

　　【注】break away from亦可作"改掉""破除"解。如：① You should break away from such bad habits. 你应该改掉这些坏习惯。② Modem music has broken away from the 18th century rules. 现代音乐不再遵守十八世纪的条条框框。③ Modern art has broken away from old traditions. 现代美术已摆脱了旧的传统。④ The child broke away from all disciplines. 这孩子一点也不守规矩。

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