高二英语下知识点总复习教案

　　(4) v. aux. (无时态和人称变化；多用于疑问句和否定句；后接没有to的不定式；need not缩写为needn't)需要，必须 -- Need l go? 我必须去吗? -- Yes, you must. (No, you needn't.)是的，你必须去(不，你不必去)。He need not have come last night. 他昨晚本来没必要来的。(但实际来了)

　　注意：need not have done表示某一个已经发生的动作实际上不必发生，常译为"不必......也行"等。

　　比较：He didn't need to come last night. 他昨晚不必来。(实际上也没有来)

　　辨析：need, require与want: (1) 三者后接名词、代词或数词，意思为"要"或"需要"。三者后接被动的不定式或主动的动名词，意思为"需要"或"应该"。(2) need (需要) 和want (想要) 可以接主动的不定式作宾语，而require不可以。(3) require和want可以接复合宾语，而need不可以。(4) require可以接宾语从句，而且从句中的谓语动词必须用"(should+) 动词原形"；need和want不可以。(5) need可以作情态动词，而require和want不可以。例如：The work needs / requires / wants patience. 这工作需要耐心。The house needs / requires / wants to be cleaned / cleaning. 这房子需要清扫。He needs / wants to see you. 他要见你。I require / want you to be here this evening. 我请你今晚到这儿来。They require that I (should) appear. 他们要求我出场。You need not write down your translation. 你们不必写下译文。

　　联想：(派) needful adj. 需要的，必须的needless adj. 无需的，不必要的needlessly adv. 不需地，无谓地 needy adj. 贫穷的，贫困的

　　拓展：at need紧急时; be / stand in need of 需要; if need be / were 如果必要的话; more than needs 超过需要; There is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是不必要的。

　　4. ... and talk about what you believe may come true in the future. 谈一谈你认为将来可能实现的事？(P.10 Speaking 第四行)

　　(1) link. -v. 成为，变成 His dream came true. 他的梦想实现了。

　　(2) come + to do (不定式中的动词多为表示心理活动的动词，如：understand，realize) 终于......；开始......

　　I hope we'll be friends and come to understand each other.我希望我们成为朋友并逐渐相互理解。He came to realize that he was wrong. 他开始认识到自己错了。

　　辨析：get，go，turn与come

　　get强调造成事件的施动者发挥的作用或变化的结果。go常常表示不顾施动者的愿望而发生的变化，多用于表示恶化的情况。turn经常表示从某种状态向其对立状态转化的自然现象。come大都表示向好的方面转化。They got married 10 years ago. 他们10年前结的婚。Please don't get angry. 请别生气。The eggs went bad. 鸡蛋坏了。The telephone has gone dead. 电话断了。The weather has turned much colder. 天气变得冷多了。Everything will come right in the end. 最终一切事情总会变好的。

　　5. Doctors may find a way to keep us young forever. 医生可能会找到一种让我们青春永驻的办法。(P.10 Speaking "Young forever" 第二个A)

　　部分名词后接不定式或介词 + 动名词

　　1) 在chance，way，opportunity，time等名词后，既可用不定式，又可用"介词 + 动名词"作定语。如：I'd like to have a chance to see / of seeing your teacher. 我想找个机会见一个你们的老师。I'm glad to have the opportunity to talk / of talking to you. 我很高兴能有这个机会跟你谈话。

　　2) 在ability，resolution，tendency等名词后，通常用不定式作后置定语。如：Does he have the ability to do the work? 他有做这项工作的能力吗? He has made a resolution to go abroad. 他决心出国。She has a tendency to become fat. 她有发胖的趋势。

　　3)当被修饰的普通名词前有序数词修饰时，该名词的后置定语也须用不定式而不是"介词 + 动名词"。Antonio Gaudi is the first one to understand that.安东尼奥是第一个理解那件事的人。He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。

　　4)而在habit，idea，intention，method，objection等名词后，通常只跟"介词+动名词"作定语。I have the habit of taking a nap after lunch. 我有午饭后睡午觉的习惯。She dismissed the idea of becoming an artist. 她打消了当艺术家的念头。He had no intention of keeping his word. 他不想遵守诺言。We like his methods of teaching English. 我们喜欢他教英语的方法。He had an objection to (prep.) doing it. 他反对做此事。

　　Section II 阅读

　　6. By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further,... 通过将他所处时代的科学发展向前推进一步... (P.11 第一段倒数第4－3行)

　　by prep. 表手段、方式或原因

　　(1) 以......，借助于......，用...... I go to school by bus, but my father goes to office by car. 我乘公共汽车上学，但我爸爸开车上班。I sent the letter by e-mail. 我将那封信以电子邮件寄出。

　　(2) 借、靠、因...(置于动名词前，表方法、手段、原因) You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. 把鸡蛋和面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。He caught (a) cold by playing soccer in the rain. 他因在雨中踢足球而感冒了。

　　注意：置于by之后表示交通工具的名词，前面不加冠词，但指特定之物时则须加冠词。He left by the 10：30 train. 他坐10：30的火车走了。

　　7. He also suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were consider- ed impossible in his own time. 他还提出将来如何用发明来使人类作出他那个时代被认为是不可能做到的事情。(P. 11 第一段 倒数2行)

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